The World’s Oceans Set New Temperature Record, Raising Concerns for Climate, Marine Life, and Coastal Communities
The world’s oceans set a new temperature record this week, raising concerns about knock-on effects on the planet’s climate, marine life, and coastal communities.
The temperature of the oceans’ surface rose to 20.96 degrees Celsius on 30 July, according to European Union climate observatory data.
The previous record was 20.95C in March 2016, a spokeswoman for the EU’s Copernicus Climate Change Service told AFP on Friday.
The samples tested excluded polar regions.
The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which uses a different database, has also recorded a similar trend in recent months.
It said the average sea surface temperature record was reached on April 4 this year at 21.06C, overtaking the previous high of 21.01C in March 2016. On 1 August, average temperatures were at 21.03C, it said.
Oceans have absorbed 90% of the excess heat produced by human activity since the dawn of the industrial age, according to scientists.
This excess heat continues to accumulate as greenhouse gases — mainly from burning oil, gas, and coal — build up in the Earth’s atmosphere.
Globally, the average ocean temperature has been topping seasonal heat records on a regular basis since April.
‘Immediate Threat’
“The ocean heatwave is an immediate threat to some marine life,” said Piers Forster of the International Centre for Climate at Britain’s University of Leeds.
“We are already seeing coral bleaching in Florida as a direct result and I expect more impacts will surface.”
The overheating of the oceans is predicted to have other effects on marine plant and animal life too, including on the migration of certain species and the spread of invasive species.
This could threaten fish stocks and thus undermine food security in certain parts of the globe.
Warmer oceans are also less capable of absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2), reinforcing the vicious cycle of global warming.
And higher temperatures are likely to come, since the El Nino phenomenon, which tends to warm waters up, has only just begun.
Scientists expect the worst effects of the current El Nino to be felt at the end of 2023 and continue into subsequent years.
Like Bath Water
“While there are certainly short-term factors, the main long-term cause is without a doubt the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere caused by human activity, primarily by the burning of fossil fuels,” said Rowan Sutton, director of climate research at the University of Reading.
The latest figures follow a string of record highs around the world.
Last month, temperatures of 38.3C — as hot as a jacuzzi — were recorded off the Florida coast, which could be a world-record high for a point measurement if the figure is confirmed.
The surface waters of the North Atlantic rose to a record-high average temperature of 24.9C last week, according to provisional data from the NOAA.
The North Atlantic usually only reaches its peak temperature in September.
Since March, the month when the North Atlantic begins to warm up after winter, temperatures have been higher than in previous years and the gap with past records has continued to widen in recent weeks.
The region has become a key point for observing the heating of the world’s oceans.
In July, the Mediterranean Sea broke its daily heat record, with a median temperature of 28.71C, according to Spain’s leading maritime research centre.
Marine heatwaves have become twice as frequent since 1982, according to a 2019 report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
By 2100, they could be 10 times more intense than they were at the beginning of the 20th century if pollutant emissions are not reduced.
The use of coal, oil, and gas is expected to be at the centre of debates in the upcoming United Nations climate talks, dubbed COP28, scheduled to take place at the end of the year in Dubai.
Read more with EURACTIV
SDGs, Targets, and Indicators
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SDG 13: Climate Action
- Target 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters
- Target 13.2: Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies, and planning
- Target 13.3: Improve education, awareness-raising, and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction, and early warning
- Target 13.4: Implement the commitment undertaken by developed countries to mobilize $100 billion annually for climate action in developing countries by 2020
- Target 13.5: Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in least developed countries and small island developing States
The article highlights the rising temperature of the world’s oceans, which is a clear indication of climate change. The targets mentioned above are relevant as they address the need to strengthen resilience, integrate climate change measures into policies, improve education and awareness, and provide financial support for climate action.
No specific indicators are mentioned in the article to measure progress towards these targets.
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SDG 14: Life Below Water
- Target 14.1: By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds
- Target 14.2: By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts
- Target 14.3: Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels
- Target 14.7: By 2030, increase the economic benefits to small island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture, and tourism
The article discusses the potential impacts of rising ocean temperatures on marine life, including coral bleaching, migration patterns, and the spread of invasive species. These targets are relevant as they aim to prevent pollution, protect marine ecosystems, address ocean acidification, and promote sustainable use of marine resources.
No specific indicators are mentioned in the article to measure progress towards these targets.
-
SDG 2: Zero Hunger
- Target 2.4: By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding, and other disasters, and that progressively improve land and soil quality
The article mentions that warmer oceans could threaten fish stocks and undermine food security in certain parts of the globe. Target 2.4 is relevant as it emphasizes the need for sustainable food production systems and resilient agricultural practices to adapt to climate change and maintain ecosystems.
No specific indicators are mentioned in the article to measure progress towards this target.
SDGs | Targets | Indicators |
---|---|---|
SDG 13: Climate Action | Target 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters | No specific indicators mentioned |
SDG 13: Climate Action | Target 13.2: Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies, and planning | No specific indicators mentioned |
SDG 13: Climate Action | Target 13.3: Improve education, awareness-raising, and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction, and early warning | No specific indicators mentioned |
SDG 13: Climate Action | Target 13.4: Implement the commitment undertaken by developed countries to mobilize $100 billion annually for climate action in developing countries by 2020 | No specific indicators mentioned |
SDG 13: Climate Action | Target 13.5: Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in least developed countries and small island developing States | No specific indicators mentioned |
SDG 14: Life Below Water | Target 14.1: By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds | No specific indicators mentioned |
SDG 14: Life Below Water | Target 14.2: By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts | No specific indicators mentioned |
SDG 14: Life Below Water | Target 14.3: Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels | No specific indicators mentioned |
SDG 14: Life Below Water | Target 14.7: By 2030, increase the economic benefits to small island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture, and tourism | No specific indicators mentioned |
SDG 2: Zero Hunger | Target 2.4: By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding, and other disasters, and that progressively improve land and soil quality | No specific indicators mentioned |
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Source: euractiv.com
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