13. CLIMATE ACTION

Ecosystem-Based Adaptation

Ecosystem-Based Adaptation
Written by ZJbTFBGJ2T

Ecosystem-Based Adaptation  Conservation International

Ecosystem-Based Adaptation

Monitoring and evaluating the impacts of EbA

Monitoring and evaluation are essential for assessing the effectiveness, costs, and co-benefits of EbA actions. Conservation International has identified adaptation outcomes that can be achieved through EbA, such as reduced damages to coastal communities and infrastructure due to extreme weather events, and reduced impacts of climate change on water quality and quantity, as well as indicators for measuring those outcomes.

The Sustainable Landscape in Eastern Madagascar

The project ‘The Sustainable Landscape in Eastern Madagascar,’ funded by the Green Climate Fund, aims to improve the resilience of climate-vulnerable smallholder farmers by implementing EbA actions. We implemented a robust impact evaluation to understand the impacts of implementing climate-smart agriculture and more sustainable forest management in reducing the vulnerability and food insecurity of smallholder farmers. The evaluation shows widespread adoption of conservation agriculture practices. Most importantly, the midline evaluation shows an improvement in food security status for households that received the project benefits, as well as a reduction in households’ reliance on forest resources.

Restoring nature and peace threatened by climate change: monitoring human security benefits of EbA in Kenya

The project ‘Restoring nature and peace threatened by climate change: monitoring human security benefits of EbA in Kenya,’ supported by the Global EbA Fund, aimed to demonstrate the connections between grassland restoration and human-wildlife conflicts and social conflicts. We built on an existing project, funded by Apple, which is restoring 11,000 hectares of rangelands, to assess whether restoration activities impact conflicts. We collected information on conflicts using household surveys implemented in Chyulu Hills, Kenya, over 13 months when grassland restoration was also implemented. 88.9% of the households interviewed experienced human-wildlife conflicts, and 32% experienced social conflicts. There was a negative and significant correlation between the area restored in each site and both the number of human-wildlife conflicts and the number of social conflicts, showing that conflicts decrease as restoration increases. We also used time as a proxy for restoration, as the restored area and restoration activities increased through time. We found an overall decrease in social conflicts over time, as well as a reduction in the feeling of insecurity. Households led by men experienced more human-wildlife conflicts compared to households led by women and implemented more strategies to deal with human-wildlife conflicts than women. In contrast, households led by women experienced more social conflicts but did not implement more mitigation strategies. Based on those results, our recommendations are:

  1. To continue tracking conflicts in Chyulu Hills to understand the connections between grassland restoration and conflicts in the long-term
  2. To identify measures to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts considering the multiple conflict-causing species
  3. To address social conflicts in households led by women
  4. To strongly consider the needs, perceptions, and interests of women while designing strategies to mitigate conflicts
  5. To scale-up and to coordinate, in time and space, restoration interventions to potentially reduce human-wildlife conflicts

Ecosystem-based adaptation and mitigation in Botswana’s Communal Rangelands

The project ‘Ecosystem-based adaptation and mitigation in Botswana’s Communal Rangelands,’ supported by the Green Climate Fund, aims to restore vegetation in communal grazing lands that are particularly impacted by climate change. The restoration and management of grazing vegetation will increase the amount of moisture held by the soil. This will make cattle-raising, and consequently pastoralists, more resilient to drought, while at the same time enhancing soil carbon and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. We are implementing an impact evaluation to assess the climate adaptation benefits of rangeland restoration and management.

SDGs, Targets, and Indicators

SDGs Targets Indicators
SDG 13: Climate Action Target 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters Indicator not mentioned in the article
SDG 15: Life on Land Target 15.1: Ensure the conservation, restoration, and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems Indicator not mentioned in the article
SDG 2: Zero Hunger Target 2.1: End hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food all year round Indicator not mentioned in the article
SDG 5: Gender Equality Target 5.5: Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic, and public life Indicator not mentioned in the article
SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions Target 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere Indicator not mentioned in the article
SDG 13: Climate Action Target 13.2: Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies, and planning Indicator not mentioned in the article
SDG 15: Life on Land Target 15.3: Combat desertification, restore degraded land, and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought, and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world Indicator not mentioned in the article

1. Which SDGs are addressed or connected to the issues highlighted in the article?

  • SDG 13: Climate Action
  • SDG 15: Life on Land
  • SDG 2: Zero Hunger
  • SDG 5: Gender Equality
  • SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions

The issues highlighted in the article are related to climate change adaptation (SDG 13), ecosystem restoration and management (SDG 15), food security (SDG 2), gender equality (SDG 5), and peace and conflict resolution (SDG 16).

2. What specific targets under those SDGs can be identified based on the article’s content?

  • Target 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters
  • Target 15.1: Ensure the conservation, restoration, and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems
  • Target 2.1: End hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food all year round
  • Target 5.5: Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic, and public life
  • Target 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere

The article addresses these specific targets by discussing the impacts of ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) actions on climate resilience, conservation and restoration of ecosystems, food security, gender equality in decision-making processes, and the reduction of conflicts.

3. Are there any indicators mentioned or implied in the article that can be used to measure progress towards the identified targets?

No specific indicators are mentioned or implied in the article that can be used to measure progress towards the identified targets. The article provides information on the outcomes and impacts of specific projects but does not mention any specific indicators for measuring progress.

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Source: conservation.org

 

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