Direct contribution of travel and tourism to GDP in Vienna, Austria from 2019 to 2021, with a forecast to 2022 (in billion euros)

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Introduction

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 global goals established by the United Nations in 2015. These goals aim to address various social, economic, and environmental challenges faced by the world today.

Goal 1: No Poverty

1. Eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere.
2. Implement social protection systems to support those in need.
3. Promote sustainable economic growth and employment opportunities.

Goal 2: Zero Hunger

1. Achieve food security and improved nutrition for all.
2. Promote sustainable agriculture and ensure resilient food production systems.
3. End all forms of malnutrition and hunger.

Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being

1. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
2. Reduce maternal and child mortality rates.
3. Combat communicable diseases and promote mental health.

Goal 4: Quality Education

1. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education for all.
2. Promote lifelong learning opportunities.
3. Enhance educational infrastructure and support teachers’ professional development.

Goal 5: Gender Equality

1. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.
2. Eliminate all forms of discrimination and violence against women and girls.
3. Ensure equal access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities.

Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation

1. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
2. Improve water quality and reduce pollution.
3. Enhance water-use efficiency and promote integrated water resources management.

Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy

1. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all.
2. Promote the use of renewable energy sources.
3. Enhance energy efficiency and invest in clean energy technologies.

Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth

1. Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth.
2. Create full and productive employment and decent work for all.
3. Ensure fair and safe working conditions for workers.

Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

1. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization.
2. Foster innovation and encourage technological advancements.
3. Promote sustainable practices in industries and infrastructure development.

Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities

1. Reduce inequalities within and among countries.
2. Promote social, economic, and political inclusion of all individuals.
3. Ensure equal opportunities and eliminate discriminatory laws and practices.

Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

1. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.
2. Provide access to affordable housing and basic services.
3. Promote sustainable urban planning and management.

Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

1. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.
2. Promote resource efficiency and reduce waste generation.
3. Encourage companies to adopt sustainable practices throughout their value chains.

Goal 13: Climate Action

1. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.
2. Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards.
3. Integrate climate change measures into policies, strategies, and planning.

Goal 14: Life Below Water

1. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources.
2. Prevent marine pollution and protect marine ecosystems.
3. Sustainably manage and protect coastal areas.

Goal 15: Life on Land

1. Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems.
2. Sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt biodiversity loss.
3. Promote the fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the use of genetic resources.

Goal 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions

1. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development.
2. Strengthen the rule of law and ensure equal access to justice for all.
3. Combat corruption and reduce illicit financial flows.

Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals

1. Strengthen global partnerships to support the achievement of the SDGs.
2. Mobilize resources, enhance policy coherence, and promote sustainable development.
3. Facilitate technology transfer and capacity-building in developing countries.

SDGs, Targets, and Indicators

1. Which SDGs are addressed or connected to the issues highlighted in the article?

• SDG 1: No Poverty
• SDG 2: Zero Hunger
• SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being
• SDG 4: Quality Education
• SDG 5: Gender Equality
• SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
• SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
• SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities
• SDG 13: Climate Action
• SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions

2. What specific targets under those SDGs can be identified based on the article’s content?

1. Target 1.2: By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women, and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions.
2. Target 2.1: By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food all year round.
3. Target 3.8: Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services, and access to safe, effective, quality, and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all.
4. Target 4.1: By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable, and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes.
5. Target 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere.
6. Target 6.1: By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all.
7. Target 8.5: By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value.
8. Target 10.2: By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic, and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion, or economic or other status.
9. Target 13.3: Improve education, awareness-raising, and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction, and early warning.
10. Target 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere.

3. Are there any indicators mentioned or implied in the article that can be used to measure progress towards the identified targets?

• Indicator 1.2.1: Proportion of population living below the international poverty line, by sex, age, employment status, and geographical location (urban/rural).
• Indicator 2.1.1: Prevalence of undernourishment.
• Indicator 3.8.1: Coverage of essential health services (defined as the average coverage of essential services based on tracer interventions that include reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, and service capacity and access).
• Indicator 4.1.1: Proportion of children and young people (a) in grades 2/3; (b) at the end of primary; and (c) at the end of lower secondary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and (ii) mathematics, by sex.
• Indicator 5.1.1: Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce, and monitor equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex.
• Indicator 6.1.1: Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services.
• Indicator 8.5.1: Average hourly earnings of female and male employees, by occupation, age group, and persons with disabilities.
• Indicator 10.2.1: Proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income, by age, sex, and persons with disabilities.
• Indicator 13.3.2: Number of countries that have communicated the strengthening of institutional, systemic, and individual capacity-building to implement adaptation, mitigation, and technology transfer.
• Indicator 16.1.1: Number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population, by sex and age.

4. SDGs, Targets, and Indicators

SDGs	Targets	Indicators
SDG 1: No Poverty	Target 1.2: By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women, and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions.	Indicator 1.2.1: Proportion of population living below the international poverty line, by sex, age, employment status, and geographical location (urban/rural).
SDG 2: Zero Hunger	Target 2.1: By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food all year round.	Indicator 2.1.1: Prevalence of undernourishment.
SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being	Target 3.8: Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services, and access to safe, effective, quality, and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all.	Indicator 3.8.1: Coverage of essential health services (defined as the average coverage of essential services based on tracer interventions that include reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, and service capacity and access).
SDG 4: Quality Education	Target 4.1: By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable, and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes.	Indicator 4.1.1: Proportion of children and young people (a) in grades 2/3; (b) at the end of primary; and (c) at the end of lower secondary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and (ii) mathematics, by sex.
SDG 5: Gender Equality	Target 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere.	Indicator 5.1.1: Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce, and monitor equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex.
SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation	Target 6.1: By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all.	Indicator 6.1.1: Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services.
SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth	Target 8.5: By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value.	Indicator 8.5.1: Average hourly earnings of female and male employees, by occupation, age group, and persons with disabilities.
SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities	Target 10.2: By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic, and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion, or economic or other status.	Indicator 10.2.1: Proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income, by age, sex, and persons with disabilities.
SDG 13: Climate Action	Target 13.3: Improve education, awareness-raising, and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction, and early warning.	Indicator 13.3.2: Number of countries that have communicated the strengthening of institutional, systemic, and individual capacity-building to implement adaptation, mitigation, and technology transfer.
SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions	Target 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere.	Indicator 16.1.1: Number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population, by sex and age.

Source: statista.com