Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Introduction
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 global goals established by the United Nations in 2015. These goals aim to address various social, economic, and environmental challenges faced by the world, with the ultimate objective of achieving sustainable development by 2030.
Goal 1: No Poverty
The first SDG is to eradicate extreme poverty and reduce overall poverty levels. This goal focuses on ensuring that everyone has access to basic necessities such as food, water, healthcare, and education.
Goal 2: Zero Hunger
The second SDG aims to end hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. It emphasizes the need to ensure that all individuals have access to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food.
Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being
Goal 3 focuses on promoting physical and mental health for all individuals. It aims to ensure access to quality healthcare services, reduce maternal and child mortality rates, and combat communicable diseases.
Goal 4: Quality Education
This goal emphasizes the importance of providing inclusive and equitable education for all. It aims to ensure that everyone has access to quality education, from early childhood to tertiary level, and promotes lifelong learning opportunities.
Goal 5: Gender Equality
Goal 5 aims to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. It focuses on eliminating discrimination, violence, and harmful practices against women and girls, and promoting their full and equal participation in all aspects of life.
Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
This goal highlights the importance of ensuring access to clean water and sanitation for all. It aims to improve water quality, manage water resources sustainably, and provide adequate sanitation facilities to promote hygiene and prevent waterborne diseases.
Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
Goal 7 focuses on ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. It aims to promote the use of renewable energy sources, increase energy efficiency, and expand energy infrastructure in a sustainable manner.
Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
This goal aims to promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all. It emphasizes the need to eradicate forced labor, child labor, and promote safe and secure working environments.
Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
Goal 9 focuses on building resilient infrastructure, promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and fostering innovation. It aims to enhance access to reliable and sustainable infrastructure, promote technological progress, and support the growth of industries.
Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities
This goal aims to reduce inequalities within and among countries. It focuses on promoting social, economic, and political inclusion, ensuring equal opportunities for all, and reducing inequalities in income, wealth, and access to basic services.
Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
Goal 11 emphasizes the need to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. It aims to provide access to affordable housing, promote sustainable transport systems, and enhance urban planning and management.
Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
This goal focuses on promoting sustainable consumption and production patterns. It aims to ensure sustainable management of resources, reduce waste generation, and promote sustainable practices in industries and businesses.
Goal 13: Climate Action
Goal 13 addresses the urgent need to take action to combat climate change and its impacts. It aims to strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards, integrate climate change measures into policies, and promote education and awareness on climate change.
Goal 14: Life Below Water
This goal focuses on conserving and sustainably using the oceans, seas, and marine resources. It aims to prevent and reduce marine pollution, protect marine ecosystems, and promote sustainable fisheries and marine conservation.
Goal 15: Life on Land
Goal 15 aims to protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt biodiversity loss, and prevent the extinction of species. It emphasizes the importance of conserving biodiversity and promoting sustainable land management.
Goal 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
This goal focuses on promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, providing access to justice for all, and building effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels. It aims to reduce violence, combat corruption, and ensure equal access to justice and participation in decision-making processes.
Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals
The final SDG emphasizes the importance of global partnerships to achieve the goals. It aims to strengthen international cooperation, enhance the mobilization of resources, and promote the sharing of knowledge, technology, and capacity-building to support sustainable development.
SDGs, Targets, and Indicators
1. Which SDGs are addressed or connected to the issues highlighted in the article?
- SDG 1: No Poverty
- SDG 2: Zero Hunger
- SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being
- SDG 4: Quality Education
- SDG 5: Gender Equality
- SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
- SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities
- SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
- SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
- SDG 13: Climate Action
- SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
- SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals
2. What specific targets under those SDGs can be identified based on the article’s content?
- Target 1.1: By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere.
- Target 2.1: By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food all year round.
- Target 3.1: By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births.
- Target 4.1: By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable, and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes.
- Target 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere.
- Target 8.5: By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value.
- Target 10.2: By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic, and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion, or economic or other status.
- Target 11.6: By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management.
- Target 12.3: By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses.
- Target 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries.
- Target 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere.
- Target 17.17: Encourage and promote effective public, public-private, and civil society partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships.
3. Are there any indicators mentioned or implied in the article that can be used to measure progress towards the identified targets?
Yes, the article mentions or implies several indicators that can be used to measure progress towards the identified targets. For example:
- Indicator 1.1.1: Proportion of the population living below the international poverty line, by sex, age, employment status, and geographical location.
- Indicator 2.1.1: Prevalence of undernourishment.
- Indicator 3.1.1: Maternal mortality ratio.
- Indicator 4.1.1: Proportion of children and young people (a) in grades 2/3; (b) at the end of primary; and (c) at the end of lower secondary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and (ii) mathematics, by sex.
- Indicator 5.1.1: Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce, and monitor equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex.
- Indicator 8.5.1: Average hourly earnings of female and male employees, by occupation, age group, and persons with disabilities.
- Indicator 10.2.1: Proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income, by age, sex, and persons with disabilities.
- Indicator 11.6.1: Proportion of urban solid waste regularly collected and with adequate final discharge out of total urban solid waste generated, by cities.
- Indicator 12.3.1: Global food loss index.
- Indicator 13.1.1: Number of deaths, missing persons, and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population.
- Indicator 16.1.1: Number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population, by sex and age.
- Indicator 17.17.1: Amount of United States dollars committed to public-private and civil society partnerships.
4. Table: SDGs, Targets, and Indicators
| SDGs | Targets | Indicators |
|---|---|---|
| SDG 1: No Poverty | Target 1.1: By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere. | Indicator 1.1.1: Proportion of the population living below the international poverty line, by sex, age, employment status, and geographical location. |
| SDG 2: Zero Hunger | Target 2.1: By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food all year round. | Indicator 2.1.1: Prevalence of undernourishment. |
| SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being | Target 3.1: By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births. | Indicator 3.1.1: Maternal mortality ratio. |
| SDG 4: Quality Education | Target 4.1: By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable, and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes. | Indicator 4.1.1: Proportion of children and young people (a) in grades 2/3; (b) at the end of primary; and (c) at the end of lower secondary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and (ii) mathematics, by sex. |
| SDG 5: Gender Equality | Target 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere. | Indicator 5.1.1: Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce, and monitor equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex. |
| SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth | Target 8.5: By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value. | Indicator 8.5.1: Average hourly earnings of female and male employees, by occupation, age group, and persons with disabilities. |
| SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities | Target 10.2: By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic, and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion, or economic or other status. | Indicator 10.2.1: Proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income, by age, sex, and persons with disabilities. |
| SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities | Target 11.6: By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management. | Indicator 11.6.1: Proportion of urban solid waste regularly collected and with adequate final discharge out of total urban solid waste generated, by cities. |
| SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production | Target 12.3: By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses. | Indicator 12.3.1: Global food loss index. |
| SDG 13: Climate Action | Target 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries. | Indicator 13.1.1: Number of deaths, missing persons, and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population. |
| SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions | Target 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. | Indicator 16.1.1: Number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population, by sex and age. |
| SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals | Target 17.17: Encourage and promote effective public, public-private, and civil society partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships. | Indicator 17.17.1: Amount of United States dollars committed to public-private and civil society partnerships. |
Source: statista.com
